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Introduction to Nema 34 stepper motor

1、Definition and Naming Rules

A stepper motor is an open-loop control motor that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy through electrical pulse signals. A stepper motor is mainly composed of a stator and a rotor, with windings on the stator and permanent magnets or variable reluctance iron cores on the rotor. Each revolution is divided into discrete steps. Taking the common 1.8 ° step angle as an example, each revolution requires 200 pulses to complete, which is 360 °/1.8 °=200 steps. Its working principle is to gradually rotate the rotor through a fixed step angle, thus having high precision and good control characteristics. The name Nema 34 stepper motor is derived from the standard established by the American Electrical Manufacturers Association. Nema is the abbreviation of the National Electrical Manufacturers Association, and 34 refers to the installation size of the motor's base flange, which is 3.4 inches by 3.4 inches, approximately 86mm by 86mm.

2、Appearance dimensions and structural characteristics

The Nema 34 stepper motor has distinct features in terms of exterior dimensions. Its name comes from the flange size, with a side length of 3.4 inches, approximately 86.36 millimeters, often rounded to 86 millimeters, which is a key dimension for installation and adaptation. There are various lengths of motors, commonly available in specifications such as 76mm, 114mm, 118mm, etc; The shaft diameter is generally 12.7 millimeters, with some special versions offering a 14 millimeter shaft diameter or providing a 12 millimeter shaft with a key to fit applications such as belt drives.

From the perspective of structural characteristics, Nema 34 stepper motors often adopt a hybrid structure, integrating the advantages of variable reluctance and permanent magnet stepper motors, and possessing high torque output, high precision, and low vibration noise characteristics. Typically, it is a two-phase motor with 4 or 8 leads. In bipolar mode, it can be connected in series or parallel to meet different operational requirements. The rotor is made of permanent magnet material, which is matched with the stator magnetic field to achieve precise stepping. The common step angle is 1.8 °, and special models can be adjusted as needed. In addition, the sturdy aluminum alloy casing endows it with good heat dissipation and mechanical strength, enabling it to withstand impact vibrations in industrial environments.

3、Technical parameters and performance indicators

Nema 34 is usually 2-phase or 4-phase, and the number of phases determines the winding structure and control mode of the motor. Multiphase motors can provide smoother matrix outputs. Its rated voltage generally comes in various specifications such as 24V, 48V, 80V, etc. Different application scenarios require the selection of appropriate voltage to drive the motor to ensure its normal operation and performance. Depending on the model and power of the motor, the rated current is generally around 2A-8A. The mechanical parameters of Nema 34 stepper motors each have their own functions. The holding torque is the torque that maintains the rotor position when the motor is not powered on, generally ranging from 1.5N · m to 5N · m. The higher the value, the stronger the ability to resist external interference when stationary. The dynamic torque is related to the operating speed and load inertia. In practice, as the motor speed increases, the dynamic torque will gradually decrease.

In terms of performance indicators, its positioning accuracy depends on step angle and manufacturing accuracy, which can reach ± 0.05 ° - ± 0.1 °, meeting most precision positioning requirements. The maximum operating speed is about 1000-3000rpm, but it is limited by factors such as torque and load; The resolution is determined by the step angle and can also be improved through driver subdivision control. The normal operating noise is between 40-60dB, which can be reduced by optimizing the structure and algorithms.

4、Application Fields and Typical Cases

In the field of automated production lines, Nema 34 stepper motors have become the core driving force for efficient production due to their high torque and precision characteristics. The mechanical arm of the Nema 34 stepper motor driven automated assembly equipment can quickly and accurately grasp and install components with a positioning accuracy of ± 0.02mm in the precision component assembly process. Compared with manual operation, the assembly efficiency is increased by 40%, and the component damage rate is significantly reduced.

As the 3D printing industry develops towards large-scale and high-precision, the Nema 34 stepper motor becomes a key support. This motor is used to control the movement of the printing nozzle and forming platform of industrial grade large-sized 3D printers, achieving a layer thickness control of 0.08mm and a plane positioning accuracy of ± 0.03mm. It can ensure the complete structure and accurate size of printed products such as large-scale component prototypes in the aerospace field and 1:10 solid models in the construction industry.

In the field of robotics, the Nema 34 stepper motor provides powerful power and precise control to heavy-duty industrial robots. It drives the robot joints and achieves a repetitive positioning accuracy of ± 0.08mm. It can not only stably carry work tools weighing tens of kilograms, but also accurately complete various operations in complex industrial production processes, increasing the qualification rate of related operations to 99.2%.

The field of medical devices has strict requirements for equipment stability and accuracy, and Nema 34 stepper motors provide reliable guarantees for this. In high-end CT imaging equipment, the motor drives the rotation of the scanning frame and the movement of the examination bed. With stable operating performance, it ensures that the positioning error of the equipment during the scanning process is less than ± 0.1mm, thereby obtaining high-definition and high-precision human body tomographic images. In the intelligent rehabilitation training equipment, the Nema 34 stepper motor precisely controls the movement trajectory and force feedback of the training arm, providing personalized rehabilitation training plans for patients.

In the field of CNC machining, Nema 34 stepper motors assist in the machining of precision and complex parts. It drives the worktable and tool axis of the CNC milling machine, controlling the machining accuracy within ± 0.03mm. Whether it is fine surface machining of mobile phone shell molds or deep cavity milling of automotive engine cylinder body molds, it can process mold parts that meet strict standards through stable power output and precise motion control.

5、Selection and usage suggestions

In terms of purchasing, it is necessary to first clarify the requirements and determine the required parameters such as torque, accuracy, and speed based on the actual application scenario; Ensure that the selected motor is compatible with the existing drive and control systems. Different motors have different requirements for drive current and voltage, and it is necessary to select the appropriate driver based on the motor parameters. At the same time, consider whether the motor size can meet the installation space requirements of the equipment. In addition, it is necessary to carefully consult the specifications and technical documents of the motor to understand its detailed performance parameters, working characteristics, and application cases; If necessary, consult the manufacturer for technical issues and obtain professional advice.

In terms of use, the first step is to install it correctly and strictly follow the motor installation instructions to ensure that the motor is securely installed. The second is to reasonably set the current, voltage, and other parameters of the driver based on the rated parameters of the motor and actual application requirements. The third is to try to control the temperature of the motor usage environment within the specified range, avoiding environments with humidity, dust, and corrosive gases. Finally, regular maintenance and inspection should be carried out to check whether the appearance of the motor is damaged, whether the connection parts are loose, and whether there are any abnormal noises and vibrations during operation; At the same time, the electrical performance of the motor should be tested to promptly identify potential problems and carry out maintenance and replacement, in order to extend the service life of the motor.